what are some terms used in naming muscles according to orientation of fascicles

Learning Objectives

• Describe the criteria used to name skeletal muscles
• Explain how understanding the musculus names helps describe shapes, location, and deportment of various muscles

The Greeks and Romans conducted the first studies done on the human body in Western culture. The educated grade of subsequent societies studied Latin and Greek, and therefore the early on pioneers of anatomy continued to apply Latin and Greek terminology or roots when they named the skeletal muscles. The big number of muscles in the body and unfamiliar words tin can make learning the names of the muscles in the body seem daunting, but agreement the etymology can help. Etymology is the report of how the root of a particular give-and-take entered a language and how the utilize of the word evolved over fourth dimension. Taking the time to learn the root of the words is crucial to understanding the vocabulary of anatomy and physiology. When yous empathise the names of muscles information technology will assistance you remember where the muscles are located and what they practice (Effigy 1, Tabular array 1, and Tabular array 2). Pronunciation of words and terms will take a scrap of time to primary, simply afterwards you lot take some bones information; the correct names and pronunciations will become easier.

Figure 1. Overview of the Muscular System. On the inductive and posterior views of the muscular system above, superficial muscles (those at the surface) are shown on the correct side of the body while deep muscles (those underneath the superficial muscles) are shown on the left half of the body. For the legs, superficial muscles are shown in the inductive view while the posterior view shows both superficial and deep muscles.

Table 1. Understanding a Muscle Name from the Latin
Example	Discussion	Latin Root 1	Latin Root 2	Significant	Translation
abductor digiti minimi	abductor	ab = abroad from	duct = to move	a muscle that moves abroad from	A muscle that moves the little finger or toe abroad
	digiti	digitus = digit		refers to a finger or toe
	minimi	minimus = mini, tiny		little
adductor digiti minimi	adductor	ad = to, toward	duct = to move	a muscle that moves towards	A muscle that moves the fiddling finger or toe toward
	digiti	digitus = digit		refers to a finger or toe
	minimi	minimus = mini, tiny		niggling

Table 2. Mnemonic Device for Latin Roots
Example	Latin or Greek Translation	Mnemonic Device
advertising	to; toward	ADvance toward your goal
ab	away from	due north/a
sub	under	SUBmarines move under water.
ductor	something that moves	A conDUCTOR makes a railroad train motion.
anti	against	If you lot are hating, y'all are against engaging in social activities.
epi	on top of	due north/a
apo	to the side of	n/a
longissimus	longest	"Longissimus" is longer than the word "long."
longus	long	long
brevis	short	brief
maximus	big	max
medius	medium	"Medius" and "medium" both begin with "med."
minimus	tiny; picayune	mini
rectus	straight	To RECTify a situation is to straighten information technology out.
multi	many	If something is MULTIcolored, it has many colors.
uni	ane	A UNIcorn has one horn.
bi/di	two	If a ring is DIcast, it is made of two metals.
tri	3	TRIple the amount of money is three times as much.
quad	4	QUADruplets are 4 children built-in at one nativity.
externus	outside	EXternal
internus	inside	INternal

Anatomists proper noun the skeletal muscles according to a number of criteria, each of which describes the musculus in some way. These include naming the muscle subsequently its shape, its size compared to other muscles in the area, its location in the torso or the location of its attachments to the skeleton, how many origins it has, or its action.

The skeletal musculus's anatomical location or its relationship to a item bone often determines its name. For instance, the frontalis muscle is located on meridian of the frontal bone of the skull. Similarly, the shapes of some muscles are very distinctive and the names, such equally orbicularis, reflect the shape. For the buttocks, the size of the muscles influences the names: gluteusmaximus (largest), gluteusmedius (medium), and the gluteusminimus (smallest). Names were given to signal length— brevis (short),longus (long)—and to identify position relative to the midline:lateralis (to the outside away from the midline), andmedialis (toward the midline). The direction of the musculus fibers and fascicles are used to draw muscles relative to the midline, such equally therectus (straight) abdominis, or theoblique (at an angle) muscles of the belly.

Some musculus names bespeak the number of muscles in a group. One example of this is the quadriceps, a group of four muscles located on the inductive (front) thigh. Other muscle names can provide data as to how many origins a item muscle has, such as the biceps brachii. The prefixbi indicates that the muscle has two origins andtri indicates three origins.

The location of a muscle's zipper can also appear in its name. When the name of a muscle is based on the attachments, the origin is e'er named kickoff. For instance, the sternocleidomastoid musculus of the neck has a dual origin on the sternum (sterno) and clavicle (cleido), and it inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The concluding feature by which to name a muscle is its action. When muscles are named for the movement they produce, ane can find activeness words in their proper name. Some examples areflexor (decreases the bending at the joint),extensor (increases the angle at the joint),abductor (moves the bone away from the midline), oradductor (moves the bone toward the midline).

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ap1/chapter/naming-skeletal-muscles/

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